• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
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    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention relates to a process for obtaining a white truffle extract (Tuber magnatum) for a cosmetic use on the skin, the white truffle extract obtainable by the method, and a cosmetic composition comprising said extract. The invention relates to a method for reducing the signs of aging and lightening of the skin.
    公开号:FR3065172A1
    申请号:FR1870444
    申请日:2018-04-12
    公开日:2018-10-19
    发明作者:Corinne Coquet；Rachel Chabert
    申请人:ISP Investments LLC；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    TECHNICAL FIELD [1] The present invention relates to the field of cosmetic products and more specifically to the field of skin care. The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a white truffle extract (Tuber magnatum) by aqueous extraction, a white truffle extract obtainable by the process and a cosmetic composition comprising the white truffle extract.
    [2] The invention also relates to a process for reducing and / or correcting the signs of aging and photoaging of the skin, and lightening of the skin.
    [3] White truffle extract can be used alone or in combination with other active agents.
    BACKGROUND [4] The skin is a vital organ composed of several layers (dermis, proliferative layers and stratum corneum) which covers the entire surface of the body and provides protective, sensitive, immune, metabolic or thermoregulatory functions. The skin, like other organs, is subject to aging.
    [5] For example, the appearance of the skin is modified by different types of internal aggression (disease and hormonal modifications such as pregnancy) or external (environmental factors, such as pollution, sun rays, ultraviolet rays , pathogens, etc.). So fine lines and wrinkles, imperfections of hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation, dryness or even dehydration of the skin, thinning of the epidermis, elastosis, imperfections, age spots, etc., may appear.
    [6] In the skin, premature aging is observed, occurring in areas exposed to ultraviolet rays.
    [7] With age, the appearance of the skin changes. Dark spots, dull complexion, loss of uniformity are remarkable effects associated with age. The loss of youthful skin radiance is often one of the first extrinsic signs of aging, and constant exposure to the sun's UV rays can also be responsible for the dry, dull appearance of the skin.
    [8] We know that fungi constitute a large family of living organisms. The fruiting bodies of certain wild and cultivable mushrooms contain medical compounds which are used in conventional medicines and cosmetics. Fungi have, during their evolution, developed various properties to resist environmental stress, and it is known that certain fungal compounds can have a moderating effect on lesions caused by life circumstances and the natural environment on organisms. . Thus, the search for new natural bioactive compounds of fungal origin has intensified. For example, the fungus Inonotus obliquus contains an enzyme such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), which is a key element in protecting cells against RO S.
    [9] In addition, truffles are known to be effective in certain conditions, for example in improving immunity and hyperlipidemia. The genus Tuber, an underground fungus, belongs to Ascomycota phylum. The genus Tuber fungi includes certain species of truffles. These truffle species are hypogeous fungi which establish an ectomycorrhizal symbiosis with trees and shrubs and form a fruiting body.
    [10] Some of the truffle species are very popular foods, due to the aromatic characteristics and the delicious taste of their fruiting bodies. These species are referred to as "truffles" or "real truffles" and they are precious and expensive commodities widely used in the famous French and Italian cuisines.
    [11] Common truffles, which belong to the class of ascomycetes, order Tuberal, have been valued as excellent edible mushrooms for centuries and are of considerable importance due to their special aroma. Truffles are underground mushrooms growing in symbiosis with the roots of oaks and forming tuber-like fruiting bodies. In the process of extracting truffles, several active agents are released. It turned out that non-specific stimulation of the immune system could be allowed.
    [12] In the description of the invention, the term "truffle" refers to the following species: Italian white truffles (scientific name: Tuber magnatum pico), black truffle (also known as Périgord truffles, from France , scientific name: Tuber melanosporum), Burgundy truffle (Tuber uncinatum), truffle
    Kalahari (Terfeziapfeilii), lion's truffle (Terfezia leonis), summer truffle (Tuber aestivum), winter truffle (Tuber hrumale), Chinese truffle (Tuber sinensis or Tuber indicum) and Bianchetto or white truffle (Tuber borchii).
    [13] The white truffle (Tuber magnatum) refers to the Piedmont truffle or the Alba truffle. Truffles develop a few centimeters below the surface of the soil, in symbiosis with the roots of deciduous trees such as oaks, chestnut trees, hazelnut trees and charms. Small, irregularly shaped knotty spheres are about 2.5 centimeters in size and can weigh up to 500 grams (although truffles of this size are rare). The firm flesh of a white truffle is a pale cream to light brown color, all mottled with white. Truffles are the fruit of the earth, rarer and more precious than any other edible root, tuber or mushroom. There is no similar taste on earth, perhaps explaining why they are so often described as divine.
    [14] Many attempts have been made to domesticate these wild truffles, although they may take a decade to grow. Some of these attempts have been successful, but the most reliable source is to dig in the wild for them.
    [15] Based on the state of the art, many cosmetic products are known which, in a way, contain herbal raw materials in the form of oils or extracts. In most cases, the known advantageous effects of the individual plants are used to obtain a corresponding overall effect.
    [16] The use of white truffle extract in a cosmetic composition is known in the prior art. Most extracts are total extracts or water-alcohol extracts. For example, the Chinese patent application, CN-A-104856928 describes an anti-wrinkle cosmetic product in which the active substance is one of a mixture A, an extract (VEchinacea piupurea, and an extract of white truffle , or any combination thereof, and said mixture A is a mixture of trifluoroacetyl tripeptide-2, glycerol and dextran. US patent granted 6,843,995 describes a cosmetic preparation comprising at least one aqueous extract of common truffles (Tuberaceae) to spray-dried champagne, in which the active complex is supplied in an acceptable cosmetic gel with a stabilizer. Chinese Patent CN-A-104666237 describes a preparation process using an alcoholic extract and the application of the active principle based on truffle for the preparation of an antioxidant and a skin whitening product, however, no document has described a water extraction process for preparing an effective and completely safe cosmetic ingredient from white truffle.
    [17] Despite the various cosmetic anti-aging products marketed for the treatment of the skin, there remains a need for effective cosmetic compositions for topical application which provide anti-aging or rejuvenating benefits to the skin, the hair and / or nails using natural ingredients as an active agent. Non-natural, chemically synthesized products can be perceived as not being environmentally or personally safe. On the other hand, natural products are perceived as pure, soft, and superior to chemically synthesized products. Many natural products extracted from plants or herbs are known to contain free radical scavengers / antioxidants that can neutralize the effects of free radical damage. In addition, they may contain agents that stimulate the synthesis and restoration of damaged connective tissue structures in the dermis and barrier function in the epidermis.
    [18] There remains a need for cosmetic compositions which respond to the problems of signs of aging, in particular the appearance of wrinkles, fine lines, and sagging. An objective of the present invention therefore consists in providing new compositions and new methods of treatment, improvement, and / or prevention of the signs of aged or aging skin. Another objective of the invention is to improve the overall appearance of aged or aging skin.
    [19] The above introduction is only offered to allow a better understanding of the nature of the problems encountered in the technique and will in no way be interpreted as a recognition of the state of the prior art and the citation of references Whatever in this document will also not be interpreted as an acknowledgment that these references constitute "prior art" to this application.
    SUMMARY [20] The main aspect of the present invention relates to a process for obtaining an extract containing a fruiting body of a fungus (white truffles) of the genus Tuber magnatum, comprising the following steps:
    (i) adding water to the white truffles to make a mixture, (ii) stirring said mixture while maintaining the temperature between room temperature and less than 80 ° C., (iii) filtering the mixture to remove the solid part to obtain the extract.
    [21] In another aspect, the present invention relates to an extract of white truffle obtained by the process according to the present invention.
    [22] In another aspect, the present invention relates to a cosmetic composition comprising the extract of white truffle obtained by aqueous extraction, in which the extract of white truffle comprises compounds having a molecular mass of less than 60 kDa in a physiologically medium acceptable.
    [23] In yet another aspect, the present invention relates to a method for reducing and / or correcting the signs of aging and photoaging of the skin, comprising the topical application to the skin of a cosmetic composition comprising an extract of white truffle obtained by aqueous extraction, in which the white truffle extract comprises compounds having a molecular mass of less than 60 kDa in a physiologically acceptable medium.
    [24] In yet another aspect, the present invention relates to a method for reducing skin pigmentation and / or lightening the skin, comprising the topical application to the skin of a cosmetic composition comprising an extract of white truffle obtained by aqueous extraction, in which the white truffle extract comprises compounds having a molecular mass of less than 60 kDa in a physiologically acceptable medium.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [25] Other embodiments of the present invention can be understood with the accompanying figures.
    [26] Figure 1 is an illustration of the expression of type I collagen on fibroblasts evaluated by immunofluorescence.
    [27] Figure 2 is an illustration of the melanin content on ex vivo skin biopsies (Fontana-Masson).
    [28] Figure 3 is an illustration of stimulation of LC3 (autophagy pathway), evaluated on keratinocytes.
    [29] Figure 4 is an illustration of stimulation of LC3 (autophagy pathway), evaluated on ex vivo skin biopsies.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION [30] Detailed embodiments of the present invention are described in this document; however, it should be understood that the embodiments described are only offered by way of illustration of the invention which can be applied in different forms. Therefore, the specific structural and functional details described in this document should not be interpreted as restrictive, but only as a representative basis for teaching those skilled in the art various uses of the present invention.
    [31] Whenever a term is identified by reference to a range, the range will be understood as explicitly describing each element of it. As a non-restrictive example, a range of 1 to 10% will be understood to include 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, and 10% , and all values between 1 and 10%.
    [32] When two or more substituents are referred to as "selected from" a group of listed variants, it is understood that each substituent can be any member of that group, regardless of the identity of the other substituents.
    [33] As used in this document, "%" refers to% by weight, in other words the percentage by weight of a component relative to the total weight of the composition (in other words , including all vectors, vehicles, solvents, fillers, or other components added before application to the skin) unless otherwise specified.
    [34] All terms used in the document are intended to have their ordinary meaning unless otherwise specified. For the purposes of the description and claims of the present invention, the following terms are defined:
    [35] "Extract" should be understood as any isolated substance or preparation extracted from a natural source, regardless of the extraction process or the ingredients. The term is used in a broad sense including, for example, ingredients soluble in water or in an organic solvent extracted from a natural substance using the solvent, or ingredients specific to a natural substance.
    [36] An "aqueous extract" should be understood as being a mixture of compounds obtained by extraction with water.
    [37] It will be understood by "physiologically acceptable" that the white truffle extract according to the invention, or a composition containing the said agent, is suitable for coming into contact with the skin or a mucous membrane without causing a toxicity or reaction. 'intolerance.
    [38] "Skin signs of aging and photoaging" refers to all changes in the appearance of the skin and appendages, such as, for example, thinning of the skin, sagging, loss of hydration and sluggishness, deep wrinkles and fine lines, loss of firmness, a dull appearance, dermal atrophy or any other internal degradation of the skin resulting from exposure to ultraviolet rays such as aging spots.
    [39] "Skin lightening" refers to an improvement in skin tone, luminance, and / or clarity and / or restoration of the luster or shine of the skin.
    [40] The species “Tuber magnatum”, or “white truffle” or “trifola d'Alba Madonna” (“white virgin truffle” in Italian) is mainly found in the Langhe and Montferrat areas of the region of northern Piedmont in Italy, the most famous area being the countryside around the towns of Alba and Asti. The white truffle is characterized by a very fine and rare specific odor, a humidity of 81%, a protein content of approximately 10% and a sugar content of approximately 2%.
    [41] As used in this document, the term "skin" refers to all of the covering tissue making up the skin, mucous membranes and dander, including hair, nails, eyelashes and eyebrows.
    [42] "Topical application" will be understood as the application or the diffusion of a composition containing said extract of white truffle, on the surface of the skin or of a mucous membrane.
    [43] What is described in this document is a process for obtaining a ground white truffle extract, a cosmetic composition comprising the extract, a process for reducing and / or correcting the signs of aging and photoaging. of the skin by topical application of the composition comprising the extract of white truffle to the skin.
    [44] Antioxidants play an important role as factors protecting health. Scientific evidence suggests that antioxidants reduce the risk of chronic diseases, including cancer and heart disease. The primary sources of natural antioxidants are whole grains, fruits, flowers and vegetables. Plant antioxidants are vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenes, phenolic acid, flavonoids.
    [45] The white truffle extract according to the invention is known to be rich in phenolic compounds, for example in phenolic acids. All these water-soluble molecules known for their antioxidant activity help to provide the antioxidant power of the white truffle extract according to the invention. The content of total polyphenols measured is 100 mg / kg of the extract.
    [46] Polyphenolic compounds are known to be powerful antioxidant molecules. "Polyphenolic compounds" are compounds that are found abundantly in sources of natural plant foods that have antioxidant properties. They refer to all classes of polyphenols, they mean compounds comprising at least one diphenol aromatic ring, a phenol group can be optionally etherified or esterified. They can also simply be called "polyphenol".
    [47] Polyphenols play an important role in maintaining your health and well-being. Antioxidants as a group help protect cells in your body from radical damage, thereby regulating the rate at which you age. Antioxidants can be divided into three main groups: carotenoids, allyl sulfides, found in garlic and onions, polyphenols (also known as phenolic compounds).
    [48] Polyphenols can further be broken down into four categories: phenolic acids, flavonoids, lignans, and stilbenes, with additional subgroups based on and based on the number of phenol rings they contain structural elements that link these cycles to each other.
    [49] Phenolic acid is a type of phytochemical called polyphenol, which is found in a variety of plant-based foods; the seeds and skin of fruits and the leaves of vegetables contain the highest concentrations. Phenolic acids are easily absorbed through the walls of the gastrointestinal tract, and they can be beneficial to health because they work as antioxidants that prevent cell damage due to free radical oxidation reactions. There are a large number of different phenolic acids in nature, and they can be divided into two categories: derivatives of benzoic acid, such as gallic acid; and cinnamic acid derivatives, including caffeic acid and ferulic acid. Cinnamic acids are more common than benzoic acids.
    [50] The term "white truffle extract" means that the extract is obtained from the fruiting part of the Tuber magnatum mushroom, fresh or frozen and then crushed.
    [51] The white truffle extract according to the invention can be obtained by aqueous extraction. Many of the compounds found in white truffle extract are likely to have biological activity and are water soluble.
    [52] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a process for obtaining a white truffle extract (Tuber magnatum), said process comprising:
    (i) adding water to the ground white truffle to make a mixture, (ii) stirring the mixture for 2 hours by maintaining a temperature between room temperature and less than 80 ° C, (iii) filtration of the mixture to remove the solid part to obtain the extract.
    [53] In a preferred embodiment, the ground white truffle is macerated in water. The solution is subjected to a short, gentle maceration for 2 hours at a temperature between room temperature and less than 80 ° C. Most preferably, the temperature is maintained between room temperature and 50 ° C to preserve the integrity of the molecules of interest such as phenolic acids and thus their ability to act as an antioxidant.
    [54] The choice of extraction temperature depends on the desired type of compound to be extracted, the structural characteristics of the botanical source (flowers, fruits, stems, seeds, leaves, roots), the quality and yield required for 'extract, and the economic feasibility of scaling up the process. The extraction of phenolic compounds from the plant substance is influenced by the temperature and the duration of extraction, which reflects the conflicting actions of solubilization and degradation of the analytes by oxidation. However, many phenolic compounds are easily hydrolyzed and oxidized.
    Long extraction times and high temperature increase the risk of oxidation of phenolic compounds which reduce the yield of phenolic compounds in extracts. The analysis was carried out at different temperatures and revealed that high temperatures degrade these types of molecules.
    [55] Extraction in water can be carried out at room temperature or with water heated to a temperature not higher than 80 ° C, with stirring. Different extraction methods have been tested and selected in order to preserve the integrity of the molecules present in the truffle, with satisfactory yield and while eliminating the volatile molecules responsible for the mushroom odor characteristic of the truffle. . Since the targeted molecules are sensitive, it has been demonstrated that an extraction at a temperature of 50 ° C. makes it possible to obtain the best extract according to the needs of the invention. Thus, preferably, the extraction is carried out by maceration in water heated to 50 ° C for 2 hours. The crude solution is then subjected to grid filtration to remove insoluble matter. After filtration through a grid, the aqueous or liquid fraction is collected. To remove the smallest residues from the aqueous extract, filtration by any process well known to those skilled in the art can be carried out.
    [56] In a preferred embodiment, the purification process begins with successive filtrations using filters having a porosity decreasing from approximately 50 μm to approximately 20 μm up to approximately 0.5 to 0.2 μm for get an extract. Preferably the filters have a decreasing porosity from 50 pm to 20 pm up to 0.5 pm to 0.2 pm.
    [57] In a preferred embodiment, the purification process is followed by double purification with activated carbon.
    [58] In another preferred embodiment, the extract obtained is composed of protein fragments and peptides with a molecular mass of less than 60 kDa, as demonstrated by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate ( SDS-PAGE). The extract obtained is a clear and brilliant solution.
    [59] In another preferred embodiment, the extract is then diluted to a concentration of between 0.5 g / kg and 1.5 g / kg, preferably to 1 g / kg of dry matter with solvents, such as water, glycerol, ethanol, propanediol, butylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, ethoxylated or propoxylated polyols, cyclic polyols or any mixture of these solvents, for example, 30% butylene glycol and 2 % of 1.2-hexanediol by maintaining the pH between 4 and 5.
    [60] Next, the diluted white truffle extract is sterilized by sterile filtration. Then, the solution is heated overnight at 65 ° C to carry out pasteurization at low temperature.
    [61] In addition, the extract of white truffle diluted with solvents at a concentration of between 0.5 g / kg and 1.5 g / kg, preferably 1 g / kg of dry matter, can be analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The features are:
    - proteins: 0.05 to 0.15 g / kg,
    - sugars: 0.35 to 1.05 g / kg,
    - amino acids: 0.025 to 0.075 g / kg,
    - phenolic compounds: 0.05 to 0.15 g / kg,
    - the extract does not contain ceramide or sphingolipid.
    [62] The protein contents of the white truffle extract were determined by Lowry protein assay (Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ (1951). "Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent", J. Biol. Chem. 193 (1): 265-75), which was used to quantify the total protein content of the extract. The Lowry assay is a biochemical assay to determine the total level of protein in a solution. Lowry’s method is based on a reaction of Cu +, produced by the oxidation of peptide bonds, with the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The absorbance of the sample is read on the spectrophotometer at 550 nm. Protein content is determined using a BSA calibration curve.
    [63] The amino acid content of the white truffle extract was determined from a protocol published by Moore et al. (Moore et al, “Photometric ninhydrin method for use in the chromatography of amino acids”, Journal of Biological Chemistry 1948 Vol. 176 pp. 367388). The free amino acid content of the extract was evaluated by the formation of a colored complex, after the amine and carboxylic functions had been broken down by the ninhydrin reagent. The absorbance of the complex is read on the spectrophotometer at 570 nm. Total amino acids are determined using an amino acid pool calibration curve.
    [64] The total sugar content of the white truffle extract was determined by colorimetry via an adaptation of the dosage described by (Dubois et al. (“Colorimetry Method for Determination of Sugars and Related Substances”, Anal. Chem., 1956 , 28 (3), 350-356). This analysis consists of dissolving the raw material in concentrated sulfuric acid and then reacting with phenol to form a colored complex. The absorbance of the complex is read on the spectrophotometer at 490 nm The sugar content is determined using a glucose calibration curve.
    [65] The polyphenol content of the white truffle extract was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu assay (Singleton et al. (1999). "Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of Folin- Ciocalteu reagent ”, 299: 152). The polyphenol compounds in the sample react with the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, the oxidation of the reagent gives a blue color. The absorbance of the sample is read on the spectrophotometer at 760 nm. The content was expressed in gallic acid equivalents using a gallic acid calibration curve.
    [66] SDS-PAGE electrophoresis was performed to assess the molecular weight of the proteins in the extract. The white truffle extract is heated at 70 ° C for 10 minutes under denaturing and reducing conditions in a denaturing sample buffer. An antioxidant solution is added to the internal chamber (cathode) so that the reduced proteins do not reoxidize during electrophoresis. Protein migration is carried out using MES migration buffer with the Novex® Sharp standard as a molecular weight marker. Protein staining is performed using silver staining.
    [67] The present application relates to a cosmetic composition comprising the white truffle extract obtained by aqueous extraction, the white truffle extract comprising compounds having a molecular mass of less than 60 kDa and a physiologically acceptable medium.
    [68] The advantage of the extract according to the invention is that the small compounds are more stable and more reproducible without exhibiting an allergenic effect.
    [69] In another preferred embodiment, the white truffle extract is present in a concentration in the range of from about 0.01% to about 20% by weight, preferably from 0.1% to about 5% by weight of the total weight of the composition.
    [70] In another embodiment, the white truffle extract is used for cosmetic applications, more preferably for topical applications.
    [71] In another preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to oral, parenteral or topical formulations adapted by a person skilled in the art, in particular for cosmetic or dermatological compositions. The compositions according to the invention are advantageously designed to be administered topically. These compositions must therefore contain a physiologically acceptable medium, in other words, compatible with the skin, and cover all cosmetic or dermatological forms.
    [72] In addition, the present compositions are preferably in the form of aqueous, hydroalcoholic or oily solutions; an oil-in-water emulsion, a water-in-oil emulsion or multiple emulsions; creams, suspensions, powders suitable for application to the skin, mucous membranes, lips and / or integuments. These compositions can also be more or less fluid and have the appearance of a cream, a lotion, a milk, a serum, an ointment, a gel, a paste or 'a foam. They can exist in solid form, in the form of a stick, or can be applied to the skin in the form of an aerosol. They can also be used in the form of a skin care product and / or a makeup product.
    [73] In another embodiment, the composition comprises an additive conventionally used envisaged in the scope of the application, as well as the additives necessary for its formulation, such as co-solvents (ethanol, glycerol, benzyl alcohol, wetters ... ), thickening agents, thinners, emulsifiers, antioxidants, dyes, sunscreens, pigments, fillers, preservatives, perfumes, odor absorbers, essential oils, trace elements, essential fatty acids, surfactants, film-forming polymers, chemical filters or minerals, moisturizers or thermal waters, etc. Water-soluble polymers, preferably natural, such as polysaccharides or polypeptides, cellulose derivatives of the methylcellulose or hydroxypropylcellulose type, or even synthetic polymers, poloxamers, carbomers, siloxanes, PVA or PVP, and in particular polymers marketed by the company Ashland, may be mentioned, for example.
    [74] It will be understood that the white truffle extract according to the invention can be used alone or in conjunction with other active agents.
    [75] In addition, the compositions which can be used according to the invention advantageously contain at least one other active agent. The following types of ingredients can be cited, without limitation: other peptide active agents, vegetable extracts, healing agents, anti-aging agents, anti-wrinkle agents, calming agents, anti-free radical agents, anti-UV agents, agents for stimulating macromolecular dermal synthesis or energy metabolism, hydrating agents, antibacterial agents, antifungal agents, anti-inflammatory agents, anesthetic agents, agents for modulating skin differentiation , skin pigmentation or depigmentation, and nail and hair growth stimulating agents.
    [76] In a more specific embodiment, the composition according to the invention 5 will comprise:
    - sunscreens, anti-UV and infrared agents,
    - anti-free radical agents,
    - DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone),
    - at least one cytochrome co-activation compound, and / or,
    - one (or more) compound activating aquaporin and / or,
    - one (or more) compound activating sirtuin and / or,
    - one (or more) compound which increases cell adhesion and / or,
    - one (or more) compound which increases the production of matrix proteins of the collagen or laminin type, etc.,
    - one (or more) modulation compounds of the HSP protein,
    - one (or more) compound which increases cellular energy,
    - one (or more) modulation pigmentation compound such as a peptide extract of yeast, amaranth, linseed, beans, cocoa, corn, soy, sunflower, rapeseed or pea ,
    - one (or more) compound improving the skin barrier function,
    - one (or more) mitochondrial protection compound,
    - vitamin A and in particular retinoic acid, retinol, retinol propionate, retinol palmitate,
    - vitamin B3 and in particular niacinamide, tocopherol nicotinate,
    - vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, panthenol,
    - vitamin C, and in particular ascorbic acid, ascorbyl glucoside, ascorbyl tetrapalmitate, magnesium and sodium ascorbyl phosphate,
    - vitamins E, F, H, K, PP, and coenzyme Q10, metalloproteinase inhibitors, activator of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP),
    - amino acids and in particular arginine, omithine, hydroxyproline, hydroxyproline dipalmitate, palmitoylglycine, hydroxylysine, methionine and its derivatives, N-acylated amino acids,
    - natural or synthetic peptides, including di-, tri-, tetra-, penta- and hexapeptides and their lipophilic derivatives, isomers and a complex with other molecules such as the metal ion (in other words , copper, zinc, manganese, magnesium, and others), the peptides marketed under the trade names MATRIXYL®, ARGIRELINE®, CHRONOGEN ™, LAMINIXYL IS ™, PEPTIDE Q10 ™, COLLAXYL ™ (patent FR2827170, ASHLAND®) , PEPTIDE VINCI 01 ™ (patent FR2837098, ASHLAND®), PEPTIDE VINCI 02 ™ (patent FR2841781, ASHLAND®), ATPeptide ™ (patent FR2846883, ASHLAND®), or the synthetic peptide of sequence Arg-Gly-Ser-NH2, sold under the name of ATPeptide ™ by ASHLAND®,
    - an extract of Artemia salina, marketed under the trade name of GP4G ™ (FR2817748, ASHLAND®),
    - botanical peptide extracts such as an extract of flax seeds (Lipigénine ™, patent FR2956818, ASHLAND®), an extract of soybeans, small spelled, grapes, rapeseeds, rice, corn or peas ,
    - yeast extracts, such as Dynagen ™ (patent FR2951946, ASHLAND®) or Actopontine ™ (patent FR2944526, ASHLAND®); dehydroacetic acid (DHA),
    - natural or synthetic phystosterols,
    - alpha- and beta-hydroxy acids, silanols,
    - amino sugars, glucosamine, D-glucosamine, N-acetyl-glucosamine, Nacetyl-D-glucosamine, mannosamine, N-acetyl mannosamine, galactosamine, N-acetyl galactosamine,
    - polyphenols, isoflavones, flavonoids, such as grape extract, pine extract, olive extract,
    - lipids such as ceramides or phospholipids,
    - animal oils such as squalenes or squalanes,
    - vegetable oils, such as almond oil, coconut oil, castor oil, jojoba oil, olive oil, rapeseed oil, peanut oil , sunflower oil, wheat germ oil, corn germ oil, soybean oil, cottonseed oil, alfalfa oil, poppy oil, oil pumpkin seeds, evening primrose oil, millet oil, barley oil, rye oil, safflower oil, passion oil, hazelnut oil, l palm oil, apricot kernel oil, avocado oil, calendula oil, ethoxylated vegetable oils, or shea butter, the above-mentioned compounds may be natural, such as plant peptide hydrolysates, or also synthetic hydrolysates, such as peptide compounds.
    [77] It is clear that the invention is designed for mammals in general, and more specifically for humans. The inventors have in fact identified biological activities which are useful for reducing and / or correcting the cutaneous signs of aging and photoaging of the skin and for lightening the skin.
    [78] In yet another embodiment, the present application relates to a cosmetic process for reducing and / or correcting the signs of aging and photoaging of the skin, comprising topical application to the skin, a composition comprising an extract white truffle according to demand. Preferably, for carrying out this cosmetic process, the white truffle extract comprises compounds having a molecular mass of less than 60 kDa, in a physiologically acceptable medium.
    [79] In yet another aspect, the present invention relates to a cosmetic process for lightening the skin, in which a cosmetic composition comprising an extract of white truffle according to the invention is applied topically to the skin to be treated. Preferably, for carrying out this cosmetic process, the white truffle extract comprises compounds having a molecular mass of less than 60 kDa, in a physiologically acceptable medium.
    [80] The embodiments which are specific to this cosmetic process also result from the description above.
    [81] Other advantages and characteristics of the invention can be observed in more detail on reading the non-restrictive examples, offered by way of illustration.
    [82] Example 1: preparation of a white truffle extract (lither magnatum}
    The white truffles (fruiting bodies) come from Alba in Italy. 50 g of frozen and ground white truffle are placed in 1 liter of distilled water. The solution is heated for 2 hours at a temperature of 50 ° C. Filtration is then carried out with a 20 to 50 μm filter to separate the solid truffle residue from the liquid part. The purification process begins with successive filtrations using filters with a decreasing porosity from 50 to 20 pm to 0.3 to 0.5 pm and then 0.25% of activated carbon (Cabot Norit SXplus) is added to the solution and mixed for 30 minutes at 50 ° C; the activated carbon is then removed by filtration at 0.3 to 0.5 μm; an additional 0.25% of activated carbon (Cabot Norit SXplus) is added to the solution and mixing is carried out for 30 minutes at 50 ° C; the activated carbon is then removed by filtration at 0.3 to 0.5 μm. The filtrate is then diluted to obtain an extract having between 0.5 and 1.5 kg of dry matter with 30% butylene glycol and 2% hexanediol.
    The pH of the solution is adjusted between 4 and 5 to increase the stability of the extract. After clarification and dilution, the filtrate is sterilized by filtration with a filter having a porosity of 0.2 µm under sterile conditions. The white truffle extract is analyzed using a standard procedure. The characteristics of the white truffle extract obtained are as follows: dry matter: 1 g / kg - proteins: 0.1 g / kg - sugars: 0.70 g / kg - amino acids: 0.01 g / kg and polyphenolic compounds: 0.1 g / kg.
    The protein content of the white truffle extract was determined by Lowry protein assay (Lowry OH, 1951) to quantify the total protein content of the extract. The Lowry assay is a biochemical assay to determine the total level of protein in a solution. Lowry’s method is based on a reaction of Cu +, produced by the oxidation of peptide bonds, with the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The absorbance of the sample is read on the spectrophotometer at 550 nm. Protein content was determined using a BSA (bovine serum albumin) calibration curve. The amino acid content of the extract was determined from a protocol published by Moore et al. (1948), the free amino acid content of the extract was evaluated by the formation of a colored complex, after the amine and carboxylic functions had been broken down by the ninhydrin reagent. The absorbance of the complex is read on the spectrophotometer at 570 nm. The total amino acid content was determined using an amino acid pool calibration curve.
    The total sugar content was determined by colorimetry via an adaptation of the assay described by Dubois et al. (1956) (Dubois et al. “Colorimetry Method for Determination of Sugars and Related Substances”, Anal. Chem., 1956, 28 (3), 350-356). This analysis consists of dissolving the raw material in concentrated sulfuric acid and then reacting with phenol to form a colored complex. The absorbance of the complex is read on the spectrophotometer at 490 nm. The sugar content is determined using a glucose calibration curve.
    The polyphenol content of the white truffle extract was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu assay (Singleton et al., "Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of folin-ciocalteu reagent", 1999, 299: 152). The polyphenol compounds in the sample react with the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, the oxidation of the reagent gives a blue color. The absorbance of the sample is read on the spectrophotometer at 760 nm. The gallic acid equivalent content was expressed using a gallic acid standard curve.
    SDS-PAGE electrophoresis was performed to assess the molecular weight of the proteins in the extract. The white truffle extract is heated at 70 ° C for 10 minutes under denaturing and reducing conditions in a denaturing sample pad. An antioxidant solution is added to the internal chamber (cathode) so that the reduced proteins do not reoxidize during electrophoresis. Protein migration is carried out using MES migration buffer with the Novex® Sharp standard as a molecular weight marker. Protein staining is performed using silver staining. The extract obtained is composed of peptides with a molecular mass of less than 60 kDa.
    [83] Example 2: preparation of an extract of white truffle (Tuber magnatum}
    Briefly, the white truffles (fruiting bodies) come from Alba in Italy. 100 g of frozen and ground white truffle are placed in one liter of distilled water. The pH of the solution is adjusted to 2 with hydrochloric acid. The solution is heated for 2 hours at a temperature of 80 ° C. Filtration is then carried out with a 20 to 50 μm filter to separate the solid truffle residue from the liquid part. The purification process begins with successive filtrations using filters with a decreasing porosity from 50 to 20 pm to 0.3 to 0.5 pm then 1% of activated carbon (Cabot Norit SXplus) is added to the solution and mixed for 30 minutes at 50 ° C; the activated carbon is then removed by filtration at 0.3 to 0.5 μm. A filtrate of 20 g / kg of dry matter is obtained which is diluted to obtain an extract having between 0.5 and 1.5 g / kg of dry matter. The pH of the solution is adjusted between 4 and 5 to increase the stability of the extract. After clarification and dilution, the filtrate is sterilized by filtration with a filter having a porosity of 0.2 µm under sterile conditions.
    [84] Example 3: preparation of an extract of white truffle (Tuber magnatum}
    Briefly, the white truffles (fruiting bodies) come from Alba in Italy. 100 g of frozen and ground white truffle are placed in 1 liter of distilled water. The pH of the solution is adjusted to 2 with hydrochloric acid. The solution is heated for 2 hours at a temperature of 80 ° C. Filtration is then carried out with a 20 to 50 μm filter to separate the solid truffle residue from the liquid part. The purification process begins with successive filtrations using filters with a decreasing porosity from 50 to 20 pm to 0.3 to 0.5 pm and then 0.25% of activated carbon (Cabot Norit SXplus) is added to the solution and mixed for 30 minutes at 50 ° C; the activated carbon is then removed by filtration at 0.3 to 0.5 μm; an additional 0.25% of activated carbon (Cabot Norit SXplus) is added to the solution and mixing is carried out for 30 minutes at 50 ° C; the activated carbon is then removed by filtration at 0.3 to 0.5 μm. A filtrate of 20 g / kg of dry matter is obtained which is diluted to obtain an extract having between 0.5 and 1.5 g / kg of dry matter. The pH of the solution is adjusted between 4 and 5 to increase the stability of the extract. After clarification and dilution, the filtrate is sterilized by filtration with a filter having a porosity of 0.2 µm under sterile conditions.
    [85] Example 4: preparation of an extract of white truffle (Tuber magnatum}
    Briefly, the white truffles (fruiting bodies) come from Alba in Italy. 100 g of frozen and ground white truffle are placed in 1 liter of solution composed of 10 mM tetrasodium EDTA. The solution is heated for 2 hours at a temperature of 50 ° C. Filtration is then carried out with a 20 to 50 μm filter to separate the solid truffle residue from the liquid part. The purification process begins with successive filtrations using filters with a decreasing porosity from 50 to 20 pm to 0.3 to 0.5 pm and then 0.25% of activated carbon (Norit SXplus from Cabot) is added to the solution and mixed for 30 minutes at 50 ° C; the activated carbon is then removed by filtration at 0.3 to 0.5 μm; an additional 0.25% of activated carbon (Cabot Norit SXplus) is added to the solution and mixing is carried out for 30 minutes at 50 ° C; the activated carbon is then removed by filtration at 0.3 to 0.5 μm. A filtrate of 20 g / kg of dry matter is obtained which is diluted to obtain an extract having from 0.5 to 1.5 g / kg of dry matter. The pH of the solution is adjusted between 4 and 5 to increase the stability of the extract. After clarification and dilution, the filtrate is sterilized by filtration with a filter having a porosity of 0.2 µm under sterile conditions.
    [86] Example 5: evaluation of the white truffle on the aging of the skin, by evaluation of the extracellular matrix on the fibroblasts
    The objective of this study is to highlight the effect of white truffle extract on aging by evaluation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), relative to the expression of collagen I.
    Protocol:
    Normal human fibroblasts were treated twice a day for 48 hours with a solution of white truffle extract, according to example 1, 2, 3 or 4, diluted to 1/200 th in the culture medium, leading to a final concentration of 0.5% vol / vol.
    For immunolabelling with an anti-collagen I antibody, the cell mat was washed and fixed with cold methanol. The cells were then incubated in the presence of a specific anticollagen I antibody (Tebu, ref. 600-401-103-0.5, rabbit polyclonal), then a suitable secondary antibody, coupled to a fluorescent probe. After mounting in a specific medium, the coverslips were observed with an epifluorescence microscope (Zeiss Axiovert 200M microscope). The fluorescence intensity was quantified by image analysis using Volocity® 6.3 software (PerkinElmer, Inc.).
    Results:
    Only the treatments with the white truffle extract according to Example 1 diluted to 0.5% for 48 hours have demonstrated a very significant increase (Student's t test) in the expression of collagen I on fibroblasts. The other application of the extract did not show any efficacy.
    These results are illustrated in Figure 1.
    Conclusions:
    The 0.5% white truffle extract, by stimulating collagen I, improved the extracellular matrix on fibroblasts. The extract according to Example 1 gave the best results.
    [87] Example 6: evaluation of the white truffle extract on the lightening by evaluation of the melanin content on ex vivo skin biopsies
    The objective of this study is to highlight the effect of white truffle extract on lightening by evaluating the melanin content using the coloring of FontanaMasson. Fontana-Masson staining is based on the ability of melanin to reduce ammonium silver nitrate solutions to metallic silver (brown) without using an external reducing agent.
    Protocol:
    Ex vivo biopsies of normal human skin with a diameter of 6 mm were cultured in a specific culture medium (DMEM at 1 g / 1, HAMF12, fetal calf serum and antibiotics) and were treated twice with day for 48 hours with a solution of white truffle extract, according to Example 1, 2, 3 or 4, diluted to 1/200 th in PBS, leading to a final concentration of 0.5% vol / vol, respectively. The control condition is achieved by applying PBS IX.
    For the Fontana-Masson coloring, the fabrics were fixed and included in the paraffin and cut into thin sections. These included skin biopsy sections were then dewaxed and rehydrated. To each section was added a stock solution containing ammonium hydroxide and silver nitrate. After washing with distilled water, the biopsies were contacted with 5% sodium thiosulfate before washing again. After mounting in a specific medium, the coverslips were examined using an Eclipse E600 microscope (Nikon). The acquisition of these photos then allowed the analysis of the image using the ImageJ software in order to quantify the number of brown / dark pixels, characteristic of melanin.
    Results:
    The treatments with the white truffle extract according to Examples 1 and 4 diluted to 0.5% for 48 hours showed a significant reduction (Student's t test) of the melanin content on ex vivo skin biopsies. The other application of the extract did not show any efficacy.
    These results are illustrated in FIG. 2. It was observed that the extract according to example 1 gave better results than the extract according to example 4.
    Conclusions:
    The application of 0.5% white truffle extract showed clarification efficiency by reducing the melanin content on ex vivo skin biopsies. The extract according to Example 1 gave the best results.
    The extract prepared according to Example 1 was the only one which acted both on the pathways of the extracellular matrix and on clarification. He was selected as the best candidate.
    [88] Example 7: evaluation of the white truffle extract according to Example 1 on the autophagy route, on keratinocytes and ex vivo skin biopsies
    The objective of this study is to highlight the effect of white truffle extract on autophagy. Autophagy is a catabolic process for the autophagosomal-lysosomal degradation of bulk cytoplasmic contents (Cuervo AM et al. “Autophagy, nutrition and immunology”, Mol Aspects Med. 33 (1): 2-13, 2012). Here, we evaluated LC3 (Microtubule-associated protein 1A / 1B-Iight chain 3) which is a structural protein involved in the formation of autophagosomes (Melendez A and Levine B. "Autophagy in C. elegans", WormBook. 24: 1-26, 2009).
    Protocol:
    Evaluation on keratinocytes
    Normal human keratinocytes were treated twice a day for 48 hours with a solution of white truffle extract, according to Example 1, diluted to 1/200 th in the culture medium, leading to a final concentration of 0, 5% vol / vol.
    For anti-LC3 antibody labeling, the cell mat was washed and fixed with cold methanol. The cells were then incubated in the presence of a specific anti-LC3 antibody (Cell Signaling, ref. PM036, rabbit polyclonal), then a suitable secondary antibody, coupled to a fluorescent probe. After mounting in a specific medium, the coverslips were observed with an epifluorescence microscope (Zeiss Axiovert 200M microscope). The fluorescence intensity was quantified by image analysis using the Volocity® 6.3 software (PerkinElmer, Inc.)
    Evaluation on ex vivo skin biopsies
    Ex vivo biopsies of normal human skin with a diameter of 6 mm were cultured in a specific culture medium (DMEM at 1 g / 1, HAMF12, fetal calf serum and antibiotics) and were treated twice with day for 48 hours with a solution of white truffle extract, according to Example 1, diluted to 1/200 th in PBS, leading to a final concentration of 0.5% vol / vol, respectively. The control condition is achieved by applying PBS IX.
    For immunostaining with the anti-LC3 antibody, the tissues were fixed and included in the paraffin and then cut into thin sections. These included skin biopsy sections were then dewaxed and rehydrated. Then, the skin sections were incubated with specific anti-LC3 antibody (Cell Signaling, PM036, rabbit polyclonal), then a suitable secondary antibody, coupled to a fluorescent probe. After mounting in a specific medium, the coverslips were observed with an epifluorescence microscope (Zeiss Axiovert 200M microscope) and the differences in fluorescence intensity were quantified by image analysis using the Volocity® 6.3 software (PerkinElmer , Inc.).
    Results:
    Treatments with a solution of white truffle extract according to Example 1 diluted to 0.5% for 48 hours showed a significant increase (Student's t test) in the expression of LC3 both on the keratinocytes and the ex vivo skin biopsies. The results are illustrated in Figures 3 and 4.
    Conclusion:
    The white truffle extract of Example 1 at 0.5%, through stimulation of LC3, improved the path of autophagy.
    权利要求:
    Claims (16)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    1. Process for obtaining an extract of white truffle (Tuber magnatum) comprising:
    (i) adding water to the ground white truffles to make a mixture, (ii) stirring said mixture while maintaining the temperature between room temperature and 50 ° C., (iii) filtering the mixture to remove the portion solid to obtain the extract.
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2. The method of claim 1, wherein step (ii) is carried out at a temperature of 50 ° C.
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3. Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein said extract of step (iii) is further clarified by sequential filtration with a porosity decreasing from 50 pm to 20 pm to 0.5 pm to 0 , 2 pm to obtain the extract.
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3 of dry matter, wherein said white truffle extract according to step (iii) is further diluted to a concentration between 0.5 g / kg and 1.5 g / kg , in a solvent selected from water, glycerol, ethanol, propanediol, butylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, ethoxylated or propoxylated polyols, cyclic polyols or any mixture of these solvents.
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5. White truffle extract obtained by the process of one of claims 1 to 4.
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6. White truffle extract obtained by the method of claim 4, wherein said white truffle extract comprises from 0.5 to 1.5 g / kg of dry matter, from 0.05 to 0.15 g / kg of protein, from 0.35 to 1.05 g / kg of sugar, from 0.025 to 0.075 g / kg of amino acids; and from 0.05 to 0.15 g / kg of phenolic compounds.
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    7. White truffle extract according to one of claims 5 or 6, comprising compounds having a molecular mass of less than 60 kDa.
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8. Cosmetic composition comprising an extract of white truffle obtained according to the method of one of claims 1 to 4, in which said extract of white truffle comprises compounds having a molecular mass of less than 60 kDa and a physiologically acceptable medium.
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9. Cosmetic composition according to claim 8, in which said extract of white truffle is used in a concentration of approximately 0.01% by weight to approximately 20% by weight of the total weight of the composition.
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    10. Cosmetic composition according to claim 8, in which said extract of white truffle is used in a concentration of approximately 0.1% by weight to approximately 5% by weight of the total weight of the composition.
    [11" id="c-fr-0011]
    11. Cosmetic composition according to one of claims 8 to 10, wherein said composition is in a form suitable for topical application.
    [12" id="c-fr-0012]
    12. Cosmetic composition according to one of claims 8 to 11, wherein said composition is in the form of gels, creams, balms, milks or foaming products.
    [13" id="c-fr-0013]
    13. Cosmetic composition according to one of claims 8 to 12, further comprising at least one other active agent.
    [14" id="c-fr-0014]
    14. Cosmetic composition according to claim 13, further comprising at least one other active agent selected from an antioxidant agent, a plant hydrolyzate, a synthetic peptide compound, a sunscreen and an anti-wrinkle agent.
    [15" id="c-fr-0015]
    15. Cosmetic process for reducing and / or correcting the signs of aging and photoaging of the skin, comprising the topical application to the skin, of a cosmetic composition comprising the extract of white truffle obtained in accordance with the process of one of claims 1 to 4.
    [16" id="c-fr-0016]
    16. Cosmetic method for lightening the skin, comprising the topical application to the skin, of a cosmetic composition comprising the white truffle extract obtained in accordance with the method of one of claims 1 to 4.
    1/4
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